What's the Difference Between an Investment Banker and a Business Broker?

Vintage executive office with polished wood desk, brass lamp, and stacked binders overlooking the Manhattan skyline through large glass windows — representing the world of investment banking and business brokerage.

If you're thinking about selling your business, you've probably come across two types of advisors: investment bankers and business brokers. Both help owners sell companies, but the similarities often end there.

Understanding the difference can mean the gap between a smooth, high-value exit and a frustrating, drawn-out process that leaves money on the table.


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The Business Broker: Main Street Transactions

Business brokers typically handle smaller transactions, often businesses valued under $2M. Think local restaurants, retail shops, service businesses, and franchises.

What Brokers Do Well

  • Volume-based approach: List many businesses, close what sells

  • Local market expertise: Strong knowledge of regional buyers

  • Accessible pricing: Lower fees make sense for smaller deals

  • Speed: Simpler deals can close quickly

Where Brokers Fall Short

  • Limited buyer reach: Often rely on listing sites like BizBuySell

  • Minimal deal structuring: Less sophistication in negotiating terms

  • Light due diligence support: You're often on your own once an offer comes in

  • No value creation: Focus is on selling today, not maximizing value

For a $500K business, a broker can be the right fit. But as deal size grows, so do the stakes. The gaps in this approach become costly.


The Investment Banker: Wall Street Sophistication

Investment bankers operate at the other end of the spectrum, typically handling deals above $50M, often in the hundreds of millions or billions.

What Investment Bankers Do Well

  • Rigorous process: Detailed financial analysis, professional CIMs, structured auctions

  • Deep buyer networks: Relationships with PE firms, strategics, and family offices

  • Deal structuring expertise: Navigate complex earn-outs, seller notes, and rollover equity

  • Dedicated teams: Analysts, associates, and MDs all working your deal

Where Investment Bankers Fall Short for Smaller Deals

  • Minimum deal size: Most won't touch anything under $50M to $100M

  • High fees: Retainers alone can run $50K to $150K

  • You're a small fish: Your $10M deal won't get the same attention as their $500M deal

  • Overkill for simpler transactions: Not every deal needs a 200-page CIM

If you're selling a $15M EBITDA company, investment banks are a great fit. But what if you're in the middle? Too big for a broker, too small for Goldman Sachs?


The Middle Market Gap

Here's the problem: businesses between $5M and $50M in revenue often fall through the cracks.

Brokers lack the sophistication these deals require. Investment banks won't return your call. And going it alone? That's how 70% of businesses fail to sell.

The $5M to $50M sweet spot is where deal complexity rises, buyer expectations increase, and professional guidance becomes essential. Yet traditional options don't fit.

This is exactly why we built Breakwater M&A.


The Breakwater Approach: Investment Bank Quality, Entrepreneur Focus

At Breakwater, we bring institutional-quality M&A advisory to businesses that Wall Street ignores. No attitude, no massive retainers, and no sense that you're deal #47 on someone's list.

We Start Before You're Ready to Sell

Most advisors show up when you want to list. We show up years earlier.

Our Exit Planning program helps you build a more valuable, sellable business starting today. We identify hidden profit, fix the financials buyers hate, and position you to command premium multiples when you're ready.

The result? Owners who plan their exit sell for significantly more than those who wing it.

Fractional CFO Advisory

Most businesses in our range don't have a CFO, and it shows. Messy financials, no KPI tracking, and cash flow surprises kill deals or crush valuations.

Our Fractional CFO service gives you executive-level financial leadership without the $300K salary. We build the reporting, forecasting, and financial systems that buyers expect, and that make your business more profitable right now.

What's included:

  • Monthly financial reporting and analysis

  • Cash flow management and forecasting

  • KPI dashboards buyers love

  • Valuation improvement roadmaps

Capital Advisory

Selling isn't always the right move. Sometimes the best path forward is:

  • Growth capital to scale before selling

  • Debt restructuring to improve cash flow

  • Recapitalization to take chips off the table while retaining control

  • Acquisition financing if you're buying, not selling

Our Capital Advisory practice helps you navigate these options, whether you're preparing for a future sale or funding your next phase of growth.

A Real M&A Process (Not a Listing)

We don't "list" your business and wait. We run a professional deal process:

  • Buyer research: We identify and vet 50 to 200 qualified buyers from our 10,000+ database

  • Confidential outreach: Controlled, NDA-protected conversations

  • Competitive tension: Multiple buyers, real deadlines, better offers

  • Full deal support: From LOI through close, we're in the trenches with you


Quick Comparison: Broker vs. Investment Bank vs. Breakwater

Criteria Business Broker Investment Bank Breakwater M&A
Typical Deal Size Under $2M $50M+ $5M to $50M
Buyer Network Listing sites, local buyers PE firms, strategics 10,000+ vetted buyers
Process List and wait Structured auction Targeted outreach + competitive process
Exit Planning ❌ Not offered ❌ Not for your size ✅ Fractional CFO + Exit Advisory
Capital Advisory ❌ Not offered ✅ Full service ✅ Growth, debt, recap options
Deal Support Limited after LOI Full team through close Full support through close
Attention Level One of many listings Small fish in big pond You're a priority

Which Option Is Right for You?

Choose a business broker if:

  • Your business is valued under $1M to $2M

  • You're looking for a quick, simple transaction

  • Local buyers are your primary audience

Choose an investment bank if:

  • Your business has $10M+ EBITDA

  • You're running a competitive auction with global buyers

  • Deal complexity justifies significant upfront fees

Choose Breakwater if:

  • You're in the $5M to $50M revenue range

  • You want investment-bank quality without the gatekeeping

  • You value exit planning and pre-sale preparation

  • You want a dedicated team that treats your deal as a priority


The Best Time to Start Is Now

Whether you're selling in 6 months or 5 years, the work you do today determines the outcome you get tomorrow.

Our Exit Planning program helps you build value, clean up financials, and position your business for a premium exit on your timeline.

📞 Ready to explore your options? Book a free, confidential strategy session to discuss your goals and see if Breakwater is the right fit.


Key Takeaways

  • Business brokers are best suited for smaller deals under $2M, offering local expertise and accessible pricing.

  • Investment bankers handle large transactions above $50M with rigorous processes and deep institutional networks.

  • Businesses valued between $5M and $50M often fall through the cracks — too complex for a broker, too small for an investment bank.

  • Starting exit planning early (1 to 2 years before a sale) can significantly increase your valuation and shorten your timeline.

  • A middle-market M&A advisor like Breakwater combines investment-bank quality with dedicated, entrepreneur-focused service to bridge the gap.


Recommended Reading


Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the main difference between an investment banker and a business broker?

Business brokers typically handle smaller transactions under $2M and focus on local, Main Street businesses. Investment bankers handle larger deals, often $50M and above, using structured auction processes and deep institutional buyer networks. The key difference comes down to deal size, process sophistication, and buyer reach.

At what size does my business need an investment banker instead of a broker?

There is no hard cutoff, but generally once your business exceeds $2M in revenue or $500K in EBITDA, you start to outgrow what a traditional broker can offer. At the same time, most investment banks won't engage with deals under $50M to $100M. Businesses in the $5M to $50M revenue range often benefit most from a middle-market M&A advisor like Breakwater.

Can I sell my business without an advisor?

You can, but the data suggests it rarely ends well. Roughly 70% of businesses listed for sale never close. A professional advisor runs a competitive process, identifies and vets qualified buyers, and negotiates deal terms that protect your interests. The fees are typically far outweighed by the improved outcome.

How much does it cost to hire an M&A advisor?

Fee structures vary. Business brokers often charge a commission of 8% to 12% on smaller deals. Investment banks charge large retainers plus a success fee. Middle-market advisors like Breakwater typically charge a modest engagement fee plus a success-based fee tied to closing, so incentives are aligned with getting you the best result.

How long does it take to sell a business in the $5M to $50M range?

From preparation to closing, expect 6 to 12 months on average. Businesses with clean financials, documented operations, and low owner dependency tend to close faster. Starting exit planning early, even 1 to 2 years in advance, can significantly improve both timeline and valuation.


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